LONDON, May 7 — David Attenborough, a leading voice on climate change and biodiversity loss whose landmark documentaries transformed popular understanding of the natural world for a global audience, marks his 100th birthday on Friday.

Attenborough’s natural history series, such as Life on Earth, in which he had a famous encounter with mountain gorillas in Rwanda, have brought the most remote corners of the planet into living rooms worldwide.

“He’s taken us all to places that we would never otherwise go. That’s a huge gift,” botanist Sandra Knapp, director of research at London’s Natural History Museum, told AFP.

The BBC is leading the celebration of the Briton’s centenary with a full week of programming dedicated to his life.

Classic episodes of series including Planet Earth II and Blue Planet II are being reshown along with others such as Life in the Freezer and Paradise Birds available on the BBC’s iPlayer service.

The centrepiece will be a 90-minute live show on his birthday from London’s Royal Albert Hall.

Knapp said Attenborough’s programmes had “expanded people’s horizons” and been an inspiration to many.

Jean-Baptiste Gouyon, professor of science communication at University College London (UCL), said Attenborough had made natural history as popular as football.

Attenborough’s programmes succeeded in instilling in the public an unparallelled passion and wonder for the natural world, said Gouyon.

Attenborough’s lifelong passion for the natural world began as child, and he went on to study geology and zoology at university.

Prince William, heir to the UK throne, has described him as a “national treasure”. Attenborough was also a firm favourite of the late Queen Elizabeth II, who knighted him in 1985.

Showing Attenborough’s cross-generational appeal, US singer-songwriter Billie Eilish has praised his “deep love and knowledge of our planet”, adding: “The animal kingdom brings out the childlike curiosity within us all.”

Mountain gorillas 

Attenborough has often reflected on his “luck” in being able to “find and film rare creatures that few outsiders have seen in the wild”.

And he has said he has been able “to gaze on some of the most marvellous spectacles that the wild places of the world have to offer”.

In 2006, he added his voice to those raising the alarm on climate change and biodiversity loss.

He declared himself “no longer sceptical” about the issue, having waited for conclusive proof that humanity was changing the climate.

Attenborough’s broadcasting career spanning nearly eight decades has been closely associated with the BBC, which he joined in the early 1950s.

Life on Earth, released in 1979, has alone been watched by 500 million people worldwide, while dozens of documentaries and associated books have made him a household name.

Recalling the series’ highlight, when he unexpectedly found himself up close with a group of mountain gorillas, Attenborough described the experience as “bliss” and “extraordinary”.

“I was simply transported,” he said ahead of his centenary, reliving how the adult female twisted his head and looked straight into his eyes and her two youngsters sat on him as the cameras rolled.

‘Modern colonialism’ 

Still making documentaries well into his nineties, he used his 2025 film Ocean to condemn the industrial fishing methods of wealthy nations, which he called “modern colonialism at sea”.

Despite his fame, the broadcaster — whose brother was the late actor and film director Richard Attenborough — has always refused to be seen as a celebrity.

Gouyon said Attenborough always made sure to direct the viewer’s gaze back to the subject matter.

On the threat to the natural world, Attenborough has said he hopes humanity will be able to change course.

“Perhaps the fact that the people most affected by climate change are no longer some imagined future generation, but young people alive today... will give us the impetus we need to rewrite our story, to turn this tragedy into a triumph,” he said at the UN Climate Summit in Glasgow in 2021.

“We are, after all, the greatest problem-solvers to have ever existed on Earth,” he said.

At 100, Attenborough no longer wanders the world’s jungles and deserts.

But he has continued to tell the story of the planet closer to home.

In Wild London, broadcast in early 2026, he marvels at the wildlife of the British capital, his birthplace, from foxes and beavers to hedgehogs and harvest mice.

After all his travels, he has confided that his favourite place remains Richmond, an affluent and leafy suburb in south-west London.

He has lived in the riverside town for many years, and still resides in the family home he shared with his late wife Jane and their two children. — AFP 

Eudaemonius posted a photo:

In the early morning of 10 August 2025, a mountainside collapsed into the waters of Tracy Arm Fjord in southeastern Alaska.

Nobody was harmed by the rockslide or tsunami, but cruise ships were scheduled to visit the fjord later that morning. If the collapse had happened just a few hours later, it could have been disastrous.

“While the [South Sawyer] Glacier is in the fjord, it’s supporting those valley walls, like the buttresses on a cathedral,” said Daniel Shugar, a geomorphologist at the University of Calgary who led the study. “As that glacier retreated over the last few decades, it retreated just past the spot that did fail. It’s like if you have a kid and they said they cleaned their room but really all they did was throw everything in the closet. As soon as you open that door, everything falls out.”

In other words, the glacier that carved the fjord in the first place was also holding its slopes in place, and the ice’s retreat under warming temperatures exposed rock that became vulnerable to crumbling. The proximate cause of the landslide might have been something else—as Shugar noted, rainfall is plentiful in that part of Alaska, which could have weakened the fjord’s walls further—but it might also have been a combination of small, individually insignificant factors. In any case, the removal of that glacial “closet door” was what made the collapse and tsunami possible.

The researchers shared their findings at a press briefing on Wednesday at the European Geosciences Union 2026 General Assembly.

Debuttressing and Slope Instability

Unlike Lituya Bay, which resulted from an earthquake, Tracy Arm provided very little seismic warning before the slope collapsed, requiring forensic work to determine what caused it.

Shugar noted that South Sawyer Glacier had retreated by roughly 500 meters in the spring of 2025 alone, on top of the general trend of shrinking and thinning over the decades. And it’s not alone: Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) images taken by satellites indicate that many slopes in Alaska and beyond are in motion, pointing to potential future danger.

“Not every single one, but it seems like a huge majority of [shifting slopes] are above the lower parts of thinning glaciers,” Shugar said. He described this phenomenon as “debuttressing,” as in losing the glacial buttress holding a slope up. He added, “I think in the next 5 years or so, we’ll probably have a much better understanding of just how and how quickly slopes respond to that debuttressing.”

Threats, Hazards, and Climate Change

Most tsunamis are set in motion by earthquakes and travel across the open ocean, wreaking their destruction when they reach shallower water near coasts; the word “tsunami” means “harbor wave” in Japanese. The Tracy Arm tsunami joined the ranks of other landslide-driven tsunamis, like the ones in Taan Fiord (Alaska) and Dixon Fjord (Greenland), in being linked to human-driven climate change. Beyond the immediate impact of the waves, this category of hazard requires rethinking potential risks from abrupt catastrophes like debuttressing as well as slower effects such as sea level rise.

“The risk to any particular cruise ship [from a tsunami] on any particular day is very low,” Shugar said. “We were unbelievably lucky that the [tsunami] occurred with the timing that it did, and not 5 hours later. The risk certainly still could be increasing as we build new settlements, new mining camps, or new oil and gas infrastructure.”

Both Shugar and Stearns highlighted the importance of learning lessons from Tracy Arm and related events.

—Matthew R. Francis (@BowlerHatScience.org), Science Writer

Citation: Francis, M. R. (2026), The forensics of a skyscraper-sized tsunami, Eos, 107, https://doi.org/10.1029/2026EO260140. Published on 6 May 2026.

Text © 2026. The authors. CC BY-NC-ND 3.0
Except where otherwise noted, images are subject to copyright. Any reuse without express permission from the copyright owner is prohibited.

As an American expat who has been living in the south of Italy for the past three years, I’ve picked up on several differences in the way Italians value work compared to the American point of view.

You’ve already heard of la dolce vita…it turns out it’s a part of the culture that Americans could stand to emulate. Here are a few of the practices and mindsets I’m working to adopt in my new home.

1. You Are Not Defined by What You Do

Go to a cocktail party in the U.S. and inevitably, one of the first things a stranger will ask you is: “So, what do you do?”

We’re obsessed with our jobs, and we wear them as masks that define us. Italians, on the other hand, don’t identify themselves by the work they perform. In fact, it’s rare that I talk about work with friends here.

Italians, instead, are more keen to talk about what they’re into. Often, this means what they ate or what they’re planning to eat! They also talk about the animals they’re raising, the weather, and the latest gossip.

I think Americans could stand to dissociate a bit from their work. After all, we are comprised of many things, and work is but one component!

2. Take Your Breaks Seriously

In the south of Italy, everything (except large grocery stores) shuts down from noon until four. That means if you want to pop into a store or get your teeth cleaned at midday, you’ll be in for a disappointment.

I love that Italians completely stop working for these hours. They have a big lunch with the family (no microwaved meal at their desks) and then maybe take a nap.

Americans, on the other hand, never stop working. We check our email obsessively after hours and on the weekends, for fear of missing some critical message that will explode if not opened instantly.

Italians understand that taking a break helps us regulate our stress levels. Even if you’re having a terrible day at work, taking a four-hour break (and a nap) will remedy it! And Italy actually has laws in place that prevent employees from being available for work outside of normal work hours. I love this!

I don’t expect American corporations to adopt a giant break in the middle of the day, but you personally can at least limit your availability to your traditional work hours.

3. Don't Be Afraid to Pivot

When I met my husband, he was a librarian. And a tour guide. He’d been an archeologist, and now he teaches Italian.

I know few Italians here in the south who stick to one job their whole lives. This is, in large part, because there aren’t a lot of jobs for people with degrees in the south (there is a brain-drain exodus issue that started in the 1950s when southerners moved to the north to find work). And since Italians don’t identify with their work in the same way as Americans, there’s no shame in changing lines of work.

I’ve even done it myself; as AI has taken more writing jobs from me, I’ve ventured into other jobs, like training AI and teaching English.

4. A Vacation Should Be Relaxing

I know Americans who, when they go on vacation, plan a whirlwind trip that leaves them little time to actually relax.

Here in Italy, many people take the entire month of August off. Employers don’t get mad; they close shop and head to the beach, too. I live near the Ionian Sea, and every August, Italians from the north flock here to do little more than soak up the sun, eat our spicy peperoncini, drink Calabrian wine, and enjoy family. They’re not interested in seeing the sights or taking the kids to a theme park. For Italians, a vacation is designed to be enjoyed, not overstuffed with activities.

5. There’s Always Time for Life’s Pleasures

I live in a small mountain village in Calabria, and just about everyone here owns at least one piece of land where they grow gardens and raise chickens and maybe a goat or two. They have jobs, but after hours, they roll up their sleeves and dig in the dirt.

Yes, it can be a labor of love. Someone’s got to till the land, and that’s tedious work. But there’s such joy when we’re all together, planting fava beans or harvesting olives, knowing that we raised the food that we now will enjoy. A crisp beer and a few laughs, and it feels nothing like work.

I’ve fallen in love with herbalism, and my walks in the mountains gift me with armfuls of flowers and herbs I use in food, medicine, and skincare products. We all have something that brings us joy outside of work, and that’s how it should be.

Bogotá, Colombia – The first global summit on “Transitioning away from Fossil Fuels” kicked off today in Santa Marta, Colombia, with 50 country delegations and dozens of civil society organizations in attendance.

Unlike other climate conferences, the six-day meeting will focus on implementing measures to end dependence on oil, coal, and gas, rather than negotiating international environmental commitments. 

The summit comes at a pivotal time for global energy, with conflict in the Middle East restricting oil and gas supplies and creating economic woes for countries reliant on fossil fuels.

Because of the ongoing oil turmoil, the conference came at the “best possible moment” to shift world opinion towards renewables, said Colombia’s environment minister Irene Vélez.

Talking to the UK’s Guardian newspaper this week, the minister, who was a prime mover of the conference, said nations were “at a fork in the road” in their choices between clean power sources such as solar or wind, or continuing to back fossil fuels that created climate crises and conflict.

It promised to be a “coalition of the willing”, said the minister, providing a road map to support nations already dedicated to transitioning from fossil fuels.

The conference organizers were combative in refusing to invite nations and organizations wedded to climate change denial.   

“Whatever nations have not yet taken that decision, then this is not the space for them. We are not going to have boycotters or climate denialists at the table,” Vélez told the Guardian.

Behind the conference is the Fossil Fuel Treaty Initiative, an alliance of nation states, technical bodies, communities and individuals “working to secure a global just transition from coal, oil and gas”.

According to the initiative, globally nations were planning to extract 120% more fossil fuels by 2030 than the “amount consistent with managing the impacts of climate change” – taking warming past the point of survival.  

“The science is unequivocal. For the last decade, oil, gas, and coal have been responsible for 86% of the CO2 pollution heating our planet, as well as causing one in five deaths worldwide from fossil fueled-air pollution.”

For three decades global climate negotiations had focused on managing the symptoms of the crisis — fossil fuel emissions — while ignoring its root cause: the unchecked proliferation of oil, gas, and coal extraction.

This was a theme picked up by Kevin Koenig, director of climate and energy at Amazon Watch, a California-based nonprofit supporting indigenous communities attending the conference.

The last major summit, COP 30, was held last year in Brazil and saw “fossil fuel lobbyists outnumbering country delegates” he told Latin America Reports, adding that declarations at the end of that meeting “barely mentioned fossil fuels at all”.

In Santa Marta he expected things to be different: “This is the conference that is finally going to address the elephant in the room and get to the source of the climate change problem.”

Several factors were contributing to a momentum towards renewables, added Koenig, with recent data showing that cities and even whole countries have run for weeks off renewable energy as the Middle East crisis exposes the dangers of oil addiction.

“This is the moment where we are seeing both wars linked to fossil fuels politics and dependencies, but also for the first time renewables energies are not just theoretical, they are real, and decision-makers know they are scalable,” said Koenig. 

This was supported by data from the Center for Energy and Clean Air, which reported that global power generation from fossil fuels fell in the first month after the U.S.- Iran conflict closed the Strait of Hormuz – a vital waterway for oil tankers – while energy generated by solar and wind power increased.

Another conference goal was to identify economic and legal barriers to transitioning to renewables, said Koenig.

An example was the hegemony of interconnected global norms feeding fossil fuel dependence, such as arbitration laws that punished small countries in international courts if they attempted to free themselves from big oil contracts. This architecture kept countries dependent, he said.

“Countries transitioning get beat up in arbitration courts or penalized by credit rating agencies. When Ecuadorians voted to keep fossil fuels in the ground, for example, their credit rating went down.”

In countries like Colombia, fossil fuels were also linked to localized conflict and armed groups, explained Koenig; over 30 years Amazon Watch has supported many indigenous communities under attack for defending their territories against drilling.

That dynamic was more visible than ever on the world stage.

“Fossil fuels are fueling dictatorships, violence, conflict and authoritarian regimes,” said Koenig. “The Middle East crisis underscores the urgency to transition.”

“Yes, abandoning fossil fuels is about climate – but also about security and democracy.”

Featured image description: Delegates register at the fossil fuel conference in Santa Marta on April 24, 2026.

Featured image credit: @MinAmbienteCo via X

The post Colombia renewables conference comes at critical moment for global energy appeared first on Latin America Reports.

Research & Developments is a blog for brief updates that provide context for the flurry of news that impacts science and scientists today.

After more than half a century of Earth Days, one planetary challenge—climate change—threatens our planet more than ever.

In 1970, the year Sen. Gaylord Nelson (D-Wisc.) organized the first Earth Day events, the annual average concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere was 326 parts per million. In 2025, it was 31% higher, at 427 parts per million. 

Changes in average annual temperatures in U.S. cities and states show the powerful effects of this increase in heat-trapping carbon dioxide. A new analysis, published today by climate research and communications nonprofit Climate Central, found that since 1970, all 50 states and 99% of major U.S. cities have warmed, with an average city-level increase of 1.6°C (2.9°F).

“It may sound small, but it’s reshaping daily life,” Shel Winkley, a meteorologist at Climate Central, said in a video released alongside the report. 

On average, the 49 U.S. states analyzed in the report have warmed by 1.7°C (3.0°F) since 1970. The six states that have warmed the fastest since the first Earth Day are Alaska with a 2.4°C (4.4°F) increase, New Jersey and New Mexico with a 2.1°C (3.7°F) increase, and Delaware, Massachusetts, and Vermont with a 2°C (3.6°F). Trends for Hawaii, which were analyzed separately and not included in the national average, also showed statewide warming.

In 2025, the United States was on average 1.4°C (2.6°F) warmer than the 20^th century average. The Paris Agreement, a legally binding global treaty, sets a goal to limit warming to 1.5°C (2.7°F) above preindustrial levels, though some scientists expect that the world has already entered the period of time during which this limit will be breached.

Warming trends in the United States are most pronounced in the Southwest, where cities have warmed an average of 1.9°C (3.5°F) since 1970. And in some cases, cities are warming much faster than whole states. Three of the five cities that have warmed the fastest since 1970 are in the Southwest: Reno, Nev., with an increase of 4.4°C (7.9°F), Las Vegas, with an increase of 3.3°C (6.0°F), and El Paso, Texas, with an increase of 3.3°C (5.9°F). 

The effects are evident at the national, state, and local levels. Temperatures have warmed in 240 of the 242 cities analyzed by Climate Central. Harrisonburg, VA and Monterey, CA were the only two cities analyzed that have not warmed since 1970.

The report highlights some good Earth Day news, however, and points out that solar and wind power generation is at an all-time high in the United States, accounting for 19% of the electricity generated in the country in 2025 despite those industries facing recent headwinds from the federal administration. 

“Every fraction of a degree [of warming] that we prevent does matter, for our health, for our communities, and for the world that we’re passing on to the next generations,” Winkley said. 

—Grace van Deelen (@gvd.bsky.social), Staff Writer

These updates are made possible through information from the scientific community. Do you have a story about science or scientists? Send us a tip at eos@agu.org.

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Planting more trees will decelerate climate change only if those trees are placed in optimal locations—primarily the tropics and subtropics—suggests new research published in Communications Earth and Environment. However, planting trees in locations like Alaska, Siberia, and large parts of the United States could actually lead to warming, said lead author and doctoral student at ETH Zurich Nora Fahrenbach.

Much of the current thinking in nature-based solutions, Fahrenbach said, is based on the idea that “more is better.”

As in, “we’ll plant a trillion trees, or we’ll plant more than a trillion trees, and we are going to get more cooling, right?” Fahrenbach said. “That’s something we show is just not the case.”

Fahrenbach researches reforestation potentials, or global maps that identify areas where trees could be planted to mitigate climate change. In this work, she and her colleagues compared three prominent reforestation potentials to determine the effect of tree placement on local and global temperatures.

One scenario involved reforesting about 926 million hectares focused mostly on the tropics and resulted in about 0.25°C of cooling by 2100. Another called for reforesting 894 million hectares, including large areas in northern temperate and polar latitudes, and resulted in 0.13°C of cooling by 2100.

The third scenario involved planting forests strategically over only 440 million hectares of mostly tropical and subtropical land (less than half of the area covered in the other scenarios) but also resulted in 0.13°C of cooling. Geography, the findings suggest, may matter more than quantity when it comes to the cooling benefits of reforestation efforts.

Let’s Get (Biogeo)physical

The researchers modeled all three scenarios using the same parameters: Trees were planted from 2015 to 2070 and then remained steady in their population until 2100.

All three models identified reforestation opportunities in regions such as the eastern United States, Amazonia, the Congo rainforest, and eastern China, as well as regions for which reforestation would not be as impactful, such as polar regions in the Northern Hemisphere. The researchers also found significant temperature changes across the Atlantic and Indian oceans as a result of atmospheric changes induced by reforestation, demonstrating an interconnected reality: Planting trees in one area doesn’t just change the local temperature but has effects across the world.

These local and nonlocal effects can be explained by a combination of biogeochemical and biogeophysical effects.

A biogeochemical effect relates to the movement of chemicals or chemical elements, such as trees absorbing carbon from the atmosphere.

A biogeophysical effect relates to the physical results of changing the land’s surface: Placing a tree in a snowy region, for instance, decreases the land’s albedo, meaning it causes the land surface to become darker and absorb more light, leading to more local heat. This rise in surface temperature also raises air temperature, creating cascading effects on wind patterns and oceanic currents.

Considering both processes together is essential for understanding whether a net cooling or net heating effect exists, but most policies focus only on biogeochemical effects, seeing trees solely for their ability to absorb carbon from the atmosphere, Fahrenbach said. They include prominent international policies such as the Paris Agreement and the United Nations’ Framework for REDD+.

“Really, we would also need to consider the biogeophysical effects,” Fahrenbach said. “That’s harder to do, right, considering those nonlocal effects, because just imagine, some country is going to plant a lot of trees, and that’s going to lead to warming somewhere else.”

A Call to Policymakers

Emilio Vilanova, a forest ecologist at the climate action nonprofit Verra, wrote by email, “The most important message for me is that this study emphasizes something that is often not well addressed in reforestation projects: Reforestation is not just about planting trees—it’s about designing where new forests go to maximize benefits and avoid unintended consequences.”

Vilanova also said the study puts the potential for reforestation efforts to address climate change in perspective. “Even very large reforestation efforts would only reduce global temperatures by about 0.13–0.25°C by the end of the century,” he said. “While meaningful, this finding also reinforces that reforestation is a helpful tool, not a stand-alone solution to climate change.”

Though the limited potential for change is sobering, the authors and Vilanova pointed out that this change does matter and that it matters how we think of our approach. They advocate for policies that adopt reforestation strategies based on location and that acknowledge both the local and nonlocal effects of reforestation.

“We really need to make sure that where we plant first, it has benefits locally, it has benefits globally,” Fahrenbach said.

—Andrew Meissen (@AndrewMeissen), Science Writer

22 April 2026: This article was updated to correct Nora Fahrenbach’s position at ETH Zurich.

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Citation: Meissen, A. (2026), Location, location, location: The “where” of reforestation may matter more than the extent, Eos, 107, https://doi.org/10.1029/2026EO260125. Published on 22 April 2026.

Text © 2026. The authors. CC BY-NC-ND 3.0
Except where otherwise noted, images are subject to copyright. Any reuse without express permission from the copyright owner is prohibited.