Europe and its space industry have been essential to the success of Artemis 2, the first crewed mission to the Moon in over half a century. The engines that propelled the four astronauts to the lunar surface and back safely were part of the European Service Module (ESM), Europe’s major contribution to this U.S.-led program. The systems that kept them alive for 10 days, such as the oxygen, water, and heat supply aboard a spacecraft traversing deep space at temperatures around -270 degrees Celsius, are also part of this module. And then there were the solar panels, without which the mission would have lacked power.

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